역대급 표절
철회된 논문은 arXiv에서 여전히 볼 수 있다. 서론을 조금 읽어보자.
After the 1965 passage of the Immigration and Naturalization Act, Asian immigration to the United States has increased dramatically. Asian Americans are one of the fastest-growing racial/ethnic groups in the United States, despite being a tiny minority group in comparison to the others. According to Census Bureau data, the Asian population grew from 3.5 million in 1980 to 11.9 million in 2000, then to 19.4 million in 2013, accounting for 5.6 percent of the total population of the United States. As the Asian population grew, so did the number of crimes committed against Asian Americans.
첫 단락은 Y. Zhang 등이 American Journal of Criminal Justice에 게재한 논문에서 베낀 것이다.
Asian immigration to the United States increased significantly since the enactment of the Immigration and Naturalization Act in 1965 (Grieco et al., 2012). While Asian Americans are a relatively small minority group, they are one of the fastest-growing racial/ethnic groups in the United States. Statistics from the Census Bureau show that the Asian population increased from 3.5 million in 1980 to 11.9 million in 2000, and further increased to 19.4 million in 2013, accounting for 5.6% of the U.S. population. As the Asian population increased, crimes against Asian Americans also rose over the years.
두 번째 단락도 위의 Zhang의 논문에서 가져왔다.
COVID-19 has recently been spreading rapidly across the United States. As COVID-19 has spread quickly across the United States, hate crimes against Asian Americans have increased. The rise is primarily attributed to media reports of "hate crimes," as well as the current social and political environment, in which COVID-19 has been repeatedly branded a "China virus."
원문은 이렇다.
Recently, as COVID-19 has been spreading dramatically across the United States, hate crimes against Asian Americans have been surging (Cabanatuan, 2020; Gover, Harper, & Langton, 2020; Jeung, 2020). The surge is largely indicated by “hate incidents” reported in mass media and spurred by the current social and political climate in which COVID-19 has been repeatedly labeled as “Chinese virus” or “China virus.”
세 번째 단락을 보자.
The world started to notice reports out of Wuhan, China hospitals about a rise in pneumonia cases of unknown origin in the last week of 2019. (Wang et al., 2020). Soon after, scientists discovered that the illnesses were caused by a new form of coronavirus called COVID-19, which causes a disease called COVID-19 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2020a). The virus is thought to have spread from animals to humans in Wuhan's open-air "wet markets," which sell raw fish and meat to the public (CDC, 2020a), and by mid-January 2020, it had spread rapidly across Asia and around the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) announced a “Public Health Emergency of International Concern” by the end of January (CDC, 2020b).
이것은 A. R. Gover 등이 American Journal of Criminal Justice에 게재한 논문에서 베낀 것이다.
In the last week of 2019, the world began to take notice of reports out of Wuhan, China hospitals about an increase in pneumonia cases of unexplained origin (Wang, Horby, Hayden, & Gao, 2020). Soon thereafter, scientists found that these illnesses were due to a new type of coronavirus (i.e., severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]), which causes a disease referred to as COVID-19 (i.e., 2019 coronavirus disease) (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2020a). It is believed that the virus spread from animals to humans in Wuhan’s open-air “wet markets” that sell fish and raw meat to consumers (CDC, 2020a), and by mid-January 2020, began to spread rapidly throughout Asia and globally (Schumaker, 2020). By the end of January, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a “Public Health Emergency of International Concern” (CDC, 2020b).
결론 마지막 단락을 보자.
Our research looks into the characteristics of hate crimes that are common among racial and ethnic minorities but may be specific to Asian Americans. A study like this, along with its conclusions, is likely to improve our awareness and understanding of various cultural practices and trends, as well as relevant social issues. This knowledge and understanding lays the groundwork for appreciating cultural diversity, raising awareness of relevant social problems, and encouraging mutual respect.
이것도 Zhang의 논문 결론 마지막 단락을 그대로 옮긴 것이다.
Our study represents an attempt to address the characteristics of hate crimes that may be common to racial-ethnic minorities and that may be unique to Asian Americans. Such a study and related findings are likely to increase our knowledge and understanding of different cultural traditions and patterns and related social issues. This knowledge and understanding provides a foundation to recognize the reality of cultural diversity, increase awareness of the related social issues, and promote mutual respect.
연구 방법도 Zhang의 논문과 똑같고, 분석도 Zhang의 논문의 방대한 분석 중 일부만 흉내냈다. 무엇보다 이렇게 단락 단위로 처음부터 끝까지 다른 논문을 통째로 베낀 경우를 나는 지금껏 보지 못했다.
나는 이렇게 생각한다. 이쯤 돼서 그들도 깨달았을 것이다. 고등학생들끼리 쓰는 논문이라는 것이 결국 짜깁기 수준을 벗어나기 어렵다는 것을. 그래서 방글라데시 커넥션을 필요로 했을 것이다.